Fundamental Physics
Looks At Quarks
Miles Pelton, May
2014
Abstract:
This is an
explanation of the energies, forces and processes involved in the creation of
quarks, neutrons and protons using the concept ascribed by Fundamental Physics.
The basic concept of Fundamental
Physics rests on the existence of Elementary Particles of energy consisting of
three forms of fundamental energy whose intensity is sustained. The three forms
are an attraction charge that attracts only other like attraction charges. A
repelling charge that repels only other like repelling charges. An affinity
charge that establishes attraction of attracting charges for repelling charges
and vice versa. These charges function by establishing an energy field that
diminishes in strength as the distance squared, a behavior explained as the
distance squared rule. Viewed from outside the assembly the three charges with
three equal intensity charges cancel out so that elementary particles are not
readily discernible.
Discussion:
Quarks are
an assembly of 612 Elementary Particles that are bound together by the force of
the attraction charge in each elementary particle interacting with the
attraction charge in another elementary particle. The size of quark assembly is
limited to 612 elementary particles by the distance squared rule and the
assembly acquires a center of gravity with an intensity of 612 units. The basic
quark assembly is categorized as a down quark. When left to stand subjected to
the continuing contracting force of the center of gravity, the attraction
charges are pulled into a singularity (a single point) leaving the repelling
charges at the periphery held there by the affinity charges that bond repelling
and attracting charges. When that occurs the quark assembly acquires different
behavior characteristics and is designated as an up quark. Quarks exist only as
an intermediary step in the process of forming protons. They are not stand
alone elementary assemblies.
The basic
behavior of the three fundamental energy charges remains the same in an up
quark. The attraction attracts the attraction charges. The repelling repels the
repelling charges and the affinity establishes mutual attraction between the
attraction charges and the repelling charges except now each quark has acquired
a center of gravity with a charge intensity of 612 units. When two quarks
assemble in response to their interacting attraction forces the resulting
assembly acquires a center of gravity with an intensity if 1,224 units. An
assembly of three quarks acquires a center of gravity with an intensity of
1,836 units. The size of quark assemblies is limited to three by the distance
squared rule.
With the
development of a singularity center the up quark acquires new behavioral characteristics
that are in addition to the basic down quark behavior set by the attraction
charges and the center of gravity. Before the attraction charges could
concentrate into a singularity the repelling force of one elementary particle
had to be overcome leaving 611 repelling charges surrounding a singularity core
with 612 units of attraction charges. That difference produces a rotational
force causing the repelling charges to rotate around the singularity core in
the manner of an electric motor, which causes the emission of an attraction
energy field as a streaming line of attraction energy charges from the singularity
along the axis of rotation. In the course of emission a spiraling line of
repelling charges are attached by bonding provided by the affinity charges.
That action causes the emission to be polarized. Responding to the forces of
polarization causes the line of emission to loop back and return to the quark
at the opposite pole. Recognize that the charges involved in producing the line
of emission have an intensity of 612 units. Also recognize the charges in the
line of force emitted by the up quark can only interact with like charges of a
612 unit up quark.
Giving time
for contraction of elementary particles in response to attraction energy
behavior, eventually a second down quark transforms into an up quark and the
two up quarks interact. The two interacting up quarks form an assembly and that
assembly acquires a singularity center with an intensity of 1,224 units and the
line of force emitted by that assembly binds its components, the two up quarks.
An assembly of 2 up quarks and one down quark is called a proton, a stable assembly
that is the principle building block of all subsequent creation. An assembly of
one up quark and two down quarks, a neutron, is not a stable assembly standing
on its own because a second down quark can change transforming the assembly
into a proton. However, neutrons do assemble with protons in various
combinations to create atoms of matter with varying degrees of stability.
Protons and
neutrons bond to form the nuclei of atoms using the energy alignment in down
quarks to produce binding force remembering that each neutron has one and each
proton has two down quarks. They interact with bonding established between down
quarks. Additionally, the two quark center in protons interact forming bonds at
that level. Quarks self-attract in response to the energy inherent in each.
Protons
assemble with neutrons to form the various atoms. Each atom assembly acquires a
singularity center with an intensity equal to the sum of proton and neutron singularity
centers. For example a uranium 235 atom with 92 protons and 143 neutrons has a
singularity center intensity of 92 x 1,224 + 235 x 612 or 256,438 units each representing
the energy that could be released by dismantling one U235 atom.
Conclusion:
Applying
the Fundamental Physics concepts the processes involved in the creation of
quarks, neutrons, protons and atoms of matter produces a concise, definitive and
understandable explanation in less than two typewritten pages. It demonstrates
the legitimacy of the Fundamental Physics concepts.
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